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Wednesday, 25 October 2017

Year 11 Art - 9

Although I have already formed a piece consisting of a celtic knot, I felt that other versions of the same and even different celtic patterns were needed to show that it is genuinely meant to be involved in my work. Using water colour paper, water colour paint and acrylic paint. I painted half of a celtic knot in black acrylic paint and used different water colour paints to fill in the free spaces within the pattern. Around the knot, I used purple acrylic paint and faded out the strong colour using a clear gel medium. The further away from the knot, the lighter the shade of purple. Once again, using purple to tie in with my other pieces.
Also, I have begun with sketching other ideas for my three larger pieces. Some of the ideas consist of the half celtic pattern, using the roots from the woodcut print, as well as tree branches separately. These are some ideas which I am looking at turning into stencils for spray painting. I am looking at using blue, yellow, white and silver spray paint for these stencils. I decided to go against the use of purple spray paint as I want to use purple acrylic paint instead.

Tuesday, 24 October 2017

Year 11 Art - 8

I have now completed my woodcut and printed it on the paper using purple ink. The use of the colour purple helps to tie this piece in with the other two pieces which I have made for my board. I found that the print looked plain the first time I tried it, so then I tried to add a bit more detail to show different textures. Parts from this woodcut which I am hoping to use in other pieces are the roots of the tree, as well as the line separating the ground from the sky in the middle of the print.
My next focus will be on finding other small subject pieces to work together with what I already have. The reason for this is because my second panel is going to consist of three horizontal pieces. The plan for these three pieces is spray paint a background with multiple colours and using  objects to help with gaining different textures. Then continuing to form and use stencils to layer on top of the background. After the stencils, then using acrylic paints, adding in whatever I need to allow the piece to work together.

Thursday, 14 September 2017

Bacteria and Disinfectants

Bacteria and Disinfectants


Purpose: To see how concentration can affect the performance rate of disinfectants in killing microorganisms.


Aim: I want to investigate how different concentrations of disinfectant inhibit the growth of bacteria.

Hypothesis: I predict that the stronger the concentration of Savlon, the more bacteria is inhibited from growing. I think this because Savlon is an antiseptic disinfectant which is a bactericide, therefore, the stronger the concentration of savlon, the more bacteria is killed and stopped from growing.


Variables:
The independent variable in this investigation, is the concentration of Savlon - we will be using. 
The concentration of the Savlon will be done through a diluting it with water (9 drops of water, 1 drop of solution).
The concentrations of this solution will be 100%, 10%, 1% and 0.1%.
To keep this investigation constant, there needs to some controlled variables. Firstly, the agar plates we will be using are nutrient agar plates rather than other ones as they are used to support the growth of a wide range of non-fastidious organisms. They are eligible of growing bacteria and fungi, because of the great amount of nutrients needed for bacteria growth.
Another controlled variable is the use of filter paper. This is used to soak up the same amount of solution rather having different types of paper. Also, another variable is keeping the same size of filter paper discs to ensure that the results are more accurate.
In this investigation, the dependent variable which we will be measuring is the clear zone surrounding the discs of Savlon. The 'clear zone' is the name of the area where the bacteria on the agar plates does not grow, or kills the bacteria cells.
The measuring process of this will be carried out through using a ruler to measure the diameter of the circle - hopefully - which will be surrounding the discs. The measurements will be done in millimeters.

Equipment:
  • Agar Plate
  • Savlon - antispetic
  • Vivid
  • Yoghurt - the bacteria growing
  • Beaker
  • Filter Paper
  • Hole Punch
  • Tweezers
  • Dropper
  • Dimple Tray
  • Ethanol
  • Bunsen Burner
  • Tape

Method:
  1. Firstly, begin with collecting all of the equipment needed.
  2. With a clear agar plate, make sure to keep the lid on it as much as possible and divide bottom of the plate into four sections using a vivid. Label each section according to concentration (1=0%, 2=10%, 3=1%, 4=0.1%).
  3. Dilute some yoghurt with water until you are left if a watery consistency. Pour 10mL into agar plate to form a thin layer on top of the gel - may need to be swirled around to cover every part of the gel.
  4. Drain out any excess yoghurt in the plate - do not touch the gel.
  5. Take a sheet of filter paper and using the hole punch, punch out four small discs of the same size.
  6. Taking the dimple tray, a clean dropper, a beaker of Savlon and a beaker of water, begin with forming different concentrations of Savlon - 10%, 1% & 0.1%.
    1. Using a clean dropper, put 10 drops of Savlon into a well in the dimple tray - remember to clean out the dropper after every time you use it to collect Savlon. This can be done through collecting water from a beaker and squirting it out, doing this three times.
    2. Put 9 drops of water in the second well, and one drop of savlon. Make sure to stir the solution and proceeding to rinse out the dropper once again. This is the concentration of 10% Savlon.
    3. Drop 9 drops of water once again into another well, and take one drop of the 10% and mixing it into the new dimple of water, forming a new solution. This is the concentration of 1% Savlon.
    4. Take 9 more drops of water into another dimple, add one drop of the 1% percent solution and mix to form the 0.1% Savlon concentration.
    5. Finally, add water to another dimple. This is the 0%, or ‘control’.
  7. Turn on your Bunsen Burner, making sure you have your filter paper, dimple tray, agar plate, some tweezers and ethanol - making sure to put the lid back on the container when not using it.
  8. Take the tweezers and dip the end of them into the ethanol, then run it through the Bunsen flame to sterilize.
  9. Soak one disc per solution and place the discs into the center of it’s designated section on the agar plate.
  10. Finally, using tape, seal the lid to the plate so the agar plate doesn't open.
Repeat these steps on two more agar plates to ensure you get more accurate results.

Results:

IMG-6601.JPG
Final Result

Data Table
Concentration of Savlon resulting in Clear Zone
Clear Zone (diameter)Clear Zone (diameter)Clear Zone (diameter)
Concentration123Average
00000
10%21mm20mm24mm21.67mm
1%14mm26mm15mm14.5mm
0.10%12mm10mm10mm10.67mm

Analysis
This set of data shows three tests of this investigation and in almost every case, the highest concentrations have a greater diameter, and the lowest concentrations have the smallest diameters. However, within this investigation, there appeared to be one outlier, and this can be seen in agar plate 2's results, where the 1% concentration has a greater diameter compared to the 10% concentration, unlike the other two plates.
In the line graph, he blue line represents the size of the clear zone - area where no bacteria had grown - compared to the concentration of Savlon.
The red line in the line graph is a trend line. This line shows which direction the results seem to be going, and in this situation, the trend line seems to be showing that it is increasing. This means, that the higher the concentration of savlon, the greater the diameter of the clear zone.

Conclusion:
In this investigation, my hypothesis was correct. The stronger the concentration of Savlon - antiseptic - the more bacteria is inhibited from growing. My hypothesis was proved correct because when looking over the data I collected, a trend can be seen. In the graph, results show an increasing trend - as seen in the red trend line. This means that by increasing the concentration, the size of the clear zone is also increased. Or, in other words, the stronger the concentration, the more bacteria growth is inhibited, therefore forming a greater clear zone.

Discussion:
Bacteria
Bacteria are small, single cell microorganisms and they exist in groups of millions. There are three main bacterial shapes - sphere shaped, rod shaped and spiral. Bacteria cells can live within soil, water, plants, animals, and so on. The life process of bacteria is movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion and nutrition - or MRS GREN for short. In this investigation, we were looking more into the growth and reproduction side of bacteria. The growth and reproduction of bacteria is an asexual process, dividing one cell into two daughter cells. This process is known as Binary Fission.
Bacteria cells have a specific structure. The outermost wall is called the capsule and it simply protects the bacteria. Inside, is the cell wall - which helps to keep the structure of the cell - and the cell membrane - which controls what enters and exits the cell.
Within the cell, the long twisted thing in the middle, is DNA, and it holds the genetic code or instructions. As seen in the photograph, there are two small plasmid and they are DNA which codes for processes which are not essential. The small, circular things are ribosomes, and they are where proteins are made. Everything within these cells are held together with cytoplasm which is a gel like texture.
On the outside of the cell structure, there are short spikes which stick out and they are called Pili. Their purpose is to transfer genetic material. Also, the cell has a tail, and it is called the flagellum. The flagellum is there to help the cell to move.

Binary Fission occurs asexually, when a grown parent cell, divides into two halves producing two new daughter cells which will eventually do the same thing at some point as a way of reproducing.
The diagram above shows the growth of bacteria, growing to the right size to split into two. These two new cells are identical clones of the mother cell they originated from, due to there being no other genetic code - another parent - involved in this reproduction.
Image result for growth of bacteria
This a graph showing the growth of bacteria when there is nutrients present. During the lag phase, there is little bacteria, beginning to take in nutrients and synthesizing their DNA and proteins. From there, the exponential phase is where the bacteria begin to replicate themselves - cloning - and the amount of bacter grows. During the stationary phase, the essential nutrients needed start to run low, and the growth rate of bacteria is equal to the death rate of bacteria. As the nutrients completely run out, it means that the bacteria can no longer reproduce and the bacteria slowly decreases. This is known as the death phase - the death of bacteria.

What is Savlon?
Savlon is an antiseptic which brand. It contains two antiseptics called Cetrimide and Chlorhexidine Gluconate.
Cetrimide is an antiseptic, having a mixture of quaternary ammonium salts - including cetrimonium bromide.  Chlorhexidine is an antiseptic and disinfectant used on skin before surgery is performed on a patient and also used to sterilize surgical instruments.

What is a disinfectant and an antiseptic?
A disinfectant is a chemical which kills bacteria, and prevents it from growing. Antiseptics do the same thing, except they are used on the skin as it does not do as much harm. An antiseptic is a solution which prevents the growth of microorganisms which can cause diseases. Antiseptics can also be known as bactericides, and these are known to inhibit the growth of bacteria, and the stronger the bactericidal is, the more bacteria is killed off. This provides us with a reason for why the higher concentrations of Savlon resulted in greater clear zones - area where bacteria has not been able to grow.
Disinfectants can work in multiple ways. Depending what disinfectant it is, it oxidises the molecules on the surface of of the bacteria cells. This disrupts the cells wall and cell membrane and the proteins on the surface begin to become damaged and forming clumps. This happens quickly and the bacteria does not work fast enough to fight against this process. Then, the cells can't handle it and splits apart, killing the bacteria.

growth What Is Bacteria? What Are Bacteria?
Nutrient Agar: Composition, Preparation and Uses Evaluation:
With this experiment, we carried it out three times to gain a more accurate result. It was a good idea considering that one of our three agar plates did not give us the result we were looking for. This one poor result gave us an outlier to work around. The outlier can be found in agar plate 2, with the 1% percent concentration. This result was over 10mm greater in diameter compared to the other two plates. Therefore, this meant leaving it out when calculating the average diameter for the final results.
For next time, I feel that we could improve on this experiment by having a bit more time to actually accurately soak the filter paper and place onto the plate correctly - rather than rushing within 5 minutes at the end of the class. Also, allowing the plate to dry once the filter paper is placed so that it doesn't move around - there was a lot of movement when it came to our paper.

Monday, 14 August 2017

Reading Log - 6

Title: All The Light We Cannot See
Text Type: Extended Written Text - Novel
Author: Anthony Doerr

'All The Light We Cannot See' is what I believe to be an emotional novel, cleverly written by Anthony Doerr. In this book, we see two stories; one from a young girl named Marie-Laure who lives her life blind, and a German boy named Werner Pfenning. We witness as their two lives cross paths.

Saturday, 12 August 2017

Reading Log - 5

Title: Hills Like White Elephants
Text Type: Short Written Text - Short Story
Author: Ernest Hemingway

'Hills Like White Elephants' is a short story written by the talented author, Ernest Hemingway. In this text, we meet 'the American' and a girl who when we read further, she can be recognised as his girlfriend or 'Jig'. The two sharing a conversation of many things. Starting at how the hills look like white elephants, to a conversation of an operation for Jig to restore the couple's 'happiness'.

'The American' is a man who cares so much for this girl - Jig - who he is sitting, sipping on drinks alongside the train station, talking about the appearance of the hills in the distance, with him. This makes me realise that there is a time and place to just chill out. Except, a normal conversation turns into an intense talk about the girl being operated on - operation was never specified - and how the two would be happier if she went ahead with it. However, Jig isn't so sure; things may stay the same as they are at this point in time - dull. But, this man, he wants the best for his the girl sitting directly across from him, and he speaks the words I wish I could say to many people.
"'Then I'll do it. Because I don't care about me'
'What do you mean?'
'I don't care about me'
'Well, I care about you'" and I wish I could explain my care for other people, the way he does further into the text. He wants Jig to know that whatever she does, he will always be there for her and love her. I feel that the American is a clear representative of how men should properly take care of their woman. When reading this, it made me feel as though there are people in this world with kind hearts, they want the best for the ones they love, and they want to make sure they know that. I want to be one of those people. A person who wants the best for the people around me and for them to be happy.

Although 'the American' is trying his best to reassure the girl that whether she chooses to go ahead with a simple operation or not, he will still care for her, however, she is very questionable about the whole situation. She feels as though he needs her to have this procedure and immediately feels obliged to go ahead with it, only because he mentioned it. I feel that this text shares with it's audience how small things can trigger the instant thoughts. Jig only took one part of the conversation, which was negative, and jumped to conclusions, not letting 'the American' explain what he really was implying. '“And if I do it you’ll be happy and things will be like they were and you’ll love me?” “I love you now. You know I love you.” “I know. But if I do it, then it will be nice again if I say things are like white elephants, and you’ll like it?”' a short example of how he tried to change her mind. I feel like a lot of people jump to conclusions, including myself. I personally find that I never give people the chance to explain a situation which has effected me emotionally. It's as though I believe one thing and choose not to listen or learn to understand the full story. However, I have become more aware of this lately. I'm glad to have become more understanding of other's stories and opinions. Patience is a key thing in this part of the short story. 'The American' can be seen as a patient figure, putting up with his girlfriend's reactions, and still doing his very best to prove that he cares  about her and her thoughts.

I genuinely feel that this short story shows different personalities for caring about one another - in particular, 'the American'. 'The American' shares his way of loving, and being so understanding towards his frustrated girlfriend. Some people need more of that trait. A trait of great care towards others. But, what goes hand in hand with kindness such as that, comes patience. Listening to others and acknowledging their opinions. The are times when I feel as though my opinions matter, however, I don't know whether I don't speak them loud enough, or they're just plain not good enough to be heard.

Wednesday, 9 August 2017

Reading Log - 4

Reading Log - 4

Title: The World Before Us
Text Type: Novel
Author: Aislinn Hunter

The World Before Us by Aislinn Hunter, is a story told in the past and the present day, through third person - or people. This novel sees multiple scenes; an asylum for the mentally damaged, Jane as a 34 year old woman working as an archivist in London, and young Jane, when she was only 15 years old. Reading this felt more like seeing it. Seeing myself in the same position as Jane.

Young Jane, was asked by William Elliot to join him for a walk around the gardens to mind his daughter, Lily, for a few hours while he focused on his research on the plants. The second day of doing this for William, him along with Jane and Lily had lunch together; Jane hoping that this is a way of getting to know her better. During this sitting, William and Jane, held what Jane felt was a very intellectual conversation. "'Did your father put you up to the cello?' He'd asked. 'No. Well, sort of.' 'It must be difficult - the expectations people have'" which I have to agree with William about. Expectations which people in our society have on others can be hard to come to terms with. Society nowadays makes us feel obliged to follow a particular system of how we act, look or what things we should or should not do. It feels as though that some of these standards are too high to reach. Being in Jane's position, I feel as though there would be a lot more pressure weighing down on her to be who her parents want her to be and live up to their expectations. I'm very thankful that my parents have never forced me into a hobby I wasn't interested in, however, society is a whole other thing.

Something in this novel which I feel is something I could relate to. Scared of what the past can bring into the present. In Jane's situation, when she was minding Lily - the same day as the previous paragraph. While playing a game to keep Lily entertained, Jane let Lily escape from her vision for a split second, and the 5 year old daughter of William Elliot was never to be seen again. Now, as a 34 year old woman, Jane is meeting up with William for the first time since the traumatic incident and she is ever so nervous and anxious as to how this situation goes down. I feel that I could relate to Jane's feelings in this case, except not quite to that extent. I feel as though sometimes I need to be more aware of things I do or say, because you never when these things may or may not come up at some point in the future. At times, when I know I have done something small which I regret saying or doing, it makes me cautious of what to do if that was to have any impact on my future self, even it may be a little thing,

I feel that I can relate to Jane, although, her situation definitely seems more in depth. Losing Lily would've been a horrible experience, and reading this novel made me feel the way Jane would when she was waiting to meet with William after so long. I also feel as though the whole 'expectations' thing is something I could relate to. Not in the sense that my parents force me to do something which I would prefer not to, but society nowadays makes a lot of people, including myself, feel obliged to do their absolute best to reach standards which are completely made up. Jane is seen as just a normal person, living in our normal world. 

Thursday, 3 August 2017

Connections Paragraph - Shutter Island

Connections ParagraphShutter Island



Question: How does the film Shutter Island demonstrate the theme ‘causes and consequences of madness’? Use specific, detailed evidence from the text to support your answer.


The film Shutter Island directed by Martin Scorcese demonstrates the theme ‘the causes and consequences of madness’ in several ways. Madness can be caused by guilt or traumatic events. Specifically, in this visual text, we see how ‘Teddy’ and his uncontrollable mind go wild all together. The film leads us to believe that he is heading down the path of disturbed mentality, when really, he is already there. What caused him to head toward that route, was guilt. The guilt of never getting his wife the help that she needed needed. The guilt of leaving her to kill all three of their children. The guilt of killing her. The whole traumatic experience drove him insane. Consequences of madness see 'normal' people turning to mental bodied of destruction and anger. As a consequence, Teddy's wife and her madness lead him to go mad; forcing himself to erase the guilt eating him from the inside, out. His head drifted into a parallel world where he is the hero, Teddy Daniels, when in reality, he was the destroyed soul of Andrew Laeddis. Laeddis deluded in that he was at Ashecliffe with a task which needed to be completed by a US Marshal like himself, when in reality they were trying to help him go back to the man he once was and allowed him to be destructive as a way of progressing. His hallucinations of his wife also drove him crazy, becoming destructive toward everything and everyone else, as a way of never letting her go.